The objective of the report is to take stock of trends and challenges in the housing sector. It reviews opportunities and constraints for the sector, as well as the current policies in place to deal with land and housing markets. This report focuses solely on the Indonesian context with limited reference to international experience. The methodology applied involved a series of meetings with key government agencies, such as the Ministry of Housing (Menara), Ministry of Land (BPN), and Ministry of Planning (Bappenas) as well as a literature review, and quantitative analysis based on government datasets. To complement the analysis, two city-level case studies of Manado and Semarang were conducted using interviews with developers, informal house builders, BPN offices, and local governments to understand the constraints to housing production.