This report provides an overview of the progress achieved in the provision of affordable housing in the region of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Given the immense diversity of responses across the 56 countries in the region, the emphasis is on practices that are conducive to the provision of affordable land and housing. The report has three specific objectives. Firstly, it explores major regional trends in housing conditions with an emphasis on availability, quality, and tenure choice. Secondly, it analyses housing policy responses to address major challenges such as growing affordability problems, access to social housing, and improvement of substandard housing conditions. Thirdly, the report provides recommendations for local, national, and international policy initiatives that could contribute to the provision of affordable housing in the region. Housing reforms in the UNECE region in the past decade have promoted policies to reassert market forces and reduce State intervention. With respect to housing provision, they have emphasized deregulation, private sector involvement, and demand-based subsidies. While the overall goal of these reforms has been to improve the economic and social efficiency of the housing systems, responses across the region demonstrate the diversity and substantial differences in housing conditions.