The government recognizes the need for new low-income housing and has set up the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), a scheme that aims to facilitate the provision of 20 million houses in urban India with financial assistance from the central government. While a section of low-income households (e.g., the lower end of EWS) cannot afford to buy a privately constructed home or improve their homes without significant help from the government, a large number of the upper end of EWS and LIG households can afford a home/home improvement without subsidies or with small subsidies (as provided by PMAY).