Land is fundamental to the shelter process. If there is no land on which to build housing, then none can be built, irrespective of the availability of the other inputs required for shelter provision. In particular, an adequate supply of land is required in the right place, at the right time, and at an affordable price for the poor. If not, poor people will continue to be forced into unplanned slums and informal settlements, developed outside the regulatory framework. This has adverse consequences for orderly urban development, service provision, and the housing and welfare rights of all urban dwellers, but in particular the poor and vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Slum upgrading efforts in Kenya got a boost with the inauguration of Kenya slum upgrading programme (KENSUP) in 2003. This is a collaborative initiative between the government of Kenya and UNHABITAT who work together with a variety of other partners to address the problem of slums. Further indication of serious focus on the problem of informal settlements in Kenya has been indicated by another World Bank sponsored Kenya informal settlement improvement programme (KISIP). While all this may excite hope in the over 1.4 million slum dwellers in Nairobi with the big promise for improvement in their living conditions, the implementation process seem to be bedeviled with myriad obstacles that may not be easy to surmount.