Myanmar’s re-entry onto the global stage provides a unique opportunity for IFC and the World Bank to engage in interventions that support development of Myanmar’s nascent private sector. In June 2012, IFC and CGAP representatives conducted a financial sector scoping review to assess Myanmar financial inclusion landscape and explore potential investment and advisory interventions. This report presents the team’s key findings and preliminary recommendations. It aims at providing more public information, and helping define strategies to support the sector going forward. Additionally, it aims at informing a joint and complementary approach amongst the donors and Development Finance Institutions to develop the sector. Myanmar is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia, with a per capita income of approximately US$832 in 2011 (IMF 2012a). Its economy suffers from unstable inflation, a rigid interest rate regime, and a distorted exchange rate. Recently, the government embarked on a series of reforms to improve the business and investment climate, facilitate financial sector development, and further liberalize trade and foreign direct investment. The financial sector in Myanmar is small and underdeveloped. It is dominated by four state owned banks and 19 private banks. Foreign banks currently are not allowed to operate in Myanmar, though 17 foreign banks have already established local representative offices in-country. Overall, the banking sector is severely constrained in its outreach to the unbanked, with some industry estimates and recent research suggesting that less than 20 percent of the population has access to formal financial services (LIFT 2012).