A 16-page document report by Monitor Inclusive Market on rapid urbanization led to an increase in the number of low-income households in India’s cities. Despite a vibrant housing market in India, decent housing in the formal sector is beyond the reach of the vast majority of these lower-income households. Monitor Inclusive Markets conducted a study in 2006-7 for NHB (funded by FIRST Initiative and with active support by the World Bank), which found that even the cheapest houses in the market, were at best affordable for the top 15% of the urban population. Customers in the next 30% income segment generally rented rooms in slums and low-income neighborhoods. They lived in poorly constructed houses with deplorable sanitary conditions (shared toilets, bad drainage, and waterlogging) and lacking basic neighborhood amenities (few common spaces or gardens, unsafe alleys, and open gutters). Many families had tiny quarters, for which they paid high rent and yet remained at the mercy of their landlords.