Building mass affordable housing with adequate structural safety in a given period is very important in developing nations. New technology, for instance, 3D concrete printing technology, has the advantages of constructing affordable houses, for instance, an increase in architectural freedom. An increase in the speed of construction decreases labor dependency, minimizes time & cost overruns, and thus has the great potential for constructing houses at low cost. Given such advantages and numerous research being carried out by many companies and research institutes around the world, we still do not see much technology adoption by the contractors in using it for constructing low-cost housing, which is needed for an hour. A new country to research the problem context mentioned above is India. Since India has led to a shortage of 26- 37 million affordable urban homes (Indian development review, 2019), thus, initiating Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY- 2015), a “Housing for all” mission that promises to build 20 million affordable houses by 2022. Thus, the government of India has set a technology sub-mission (TSM) under the PMAY mission, which supports adopting new technology that would reduce the construction period, cost, and waste and makes affordable housing construction more sustainable. As a result, 3D concrete printing technologies can be a promising solution under this technological sub-mission, which can open the way to mass customization in construction and can help achieve the construction of houses in a sustainable approach. However, 3D concrete is still a very new technology in the Indian construction industry. Thus, there is a need to understand the challenges & benefits associated with the adoption of 3D concrete printing by contractors in the Indian construction industry. Hence, in this research, the technology, environment, and cost (TEC) framework is introduced as an understandable approach to assessing the current state of the art, benefits, challenges, and opportunities of 3D concrete printing technology.

Furthermore, with the inputs from the TEC framework, the road mapping framework has been developed for streamlining activities for adopting 3D concrete printing by contractors. The roadmap is widely considered an appropriate approach for matching short-term actions to long-term goals to support technology management in the firm. Thus, road mapping enables firms to benefit from the guiding of the adoption activities with possible to consider a wide range of possible future business environments than affordable houses. Thus, the results present the roadmap for Indian contractors to adopt 3D concrete printing technology, which to this end, roadmap application is validated to be complete, usable, realizable, easy to understand, and adaptable in the contractor’s firm. In conclusion, the research makes a major contribution and its impact on technology implications in the business environment, which gives the contractor enough scope to choose whether to head in this direction or not.