The Government of India is on a mission to meet the housing needs of all in society by 2022. This implies that about 27 million houses are expected to be constructed in the next 5 to 10 years. As of today, 5.1 million houses have been sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Houses for the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) group and Low Income Group (LIG) represent a major portion of this initiative. The construction of millions of houses is expected to generate a large demand for materials and energy at the national level. There is a need to evaluate alternate materials, construction methods, and construction plan to conserve materials and energy use at the aggregate level. This study presents a review of various housing initiatives undertaken in India, housing technologies, and evaluation criteria that are used to choose an appropriate technology. Further, a discussion on the sustainability aspects of low-cost house construction is presented.