The late Adolph Ciborowski, chief architect of the United Nations plan to rebuild Skopje after the devastating 1963 earthquake, used to say that earthquakes select the weakest structures, wars select the strongest. In other words, earthquakes are “dumb” disasters; wars are “smart” disasters – they have a predator’s intelligence behind them and are thus harder to defend against and more difficult to recover from. Strategically and symbolically, cities have always been objects of war and, for millennia, were designed to defend physically against an intelligent enemy. Gradually the technology of destruction surpassed the technology of construction until today it is no longer feasible to build cities and inter-connecting infrastructure with war in mind.