Plan Melbourne, the latest 30-year plan for Greater Melbourne, commits the state government to explore a series of policy responses to the housing crisis, including utilizing government land to host social and affordable housing. This report responds to this commitment by identifying over 195 hectares of government-owned land that can host over 30,000 social and affordable homes. The report also finds that Victoria faces a shortage of at least 164,000 housing units that are affordable and available to very low and low-income households. Using public land to provide social and affordable housing is one mechanism to address this critical deficit that can reduce social housing development costs by up to 30%. This report contends that government land can assist the state in achieving a target of 30,000 new social and affordable housing units over the next 10 years (2019-2029), with an emphasis on meeting the needs of those most at risk of homelessness. Pairing government land with other support from a range of stakeholders could assist the state in meeting this target. This would serve as a significant step change that could support Victoria’s nascent community housing sector in scaling up to meet the broader need in future decades.