The developed world is adapting to the consequences of global warming, climate changes will  negatively affect the quality of life and economic growth in developing countries. The low–income  people from low and medium HDI (Human Development Index) countries would suffer even more  from climate changes because of their vulnerable living conditions and the lack of appropriate and  adequate infrastructures. This paper evaluates the current Ugandan housing conditions in order to identify the  opportunities and challenges for improving the energy efficiency as well as the quality of low-income  housing in Uganda. The available literature are reviewed and the findings are used to draw a clear  picture on the current housing conditions, limitations and the key areas for improvement.

The  findings reveal some critical areas such as affordability, informal settlement, overcrowding and  access to housing facilities which require immediate attention. The research findings also highlight  construction methods/materials and embodied energy as the key areas of improvement for reducing  CO2 emissions of low-income housing in Uganda.