High income earners formally house themselves (own resources). The middle class must finance own construction (over time, often in unplanned areas) at Minimal amounts of finance (quasi mortgage) available to high-net worth clients through a handful of banks. Move to revive, extend or introduce mortgage lending in a handful of countries (Botswana, Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya) Financial Sector Reform Programmes have a new housing focus as key to economic growth. Southern Africa leads in access to services and has lower poverty figures. It is already more than 50% urbanised.

By 2030, most countries will be > 50% urbanised. Urban populations in Africa are growing by 3.5% pa Sanitation and electricity is the most significant urban services challenges Poverty are significant: 75% of the population earning less than $2 per day. Southern Africa leads in access to services and has lower poverty figures. It is already more than 50% urbanised.