The focus of the paper is on how the City may facilitate and protect affordable housing, namely housing that is appropriate to the needs of low to moderate-income households and which does not consume such a high proportion of household income that it leaves households with insufficient money to meet other basic costs. In the context of the City of Sydney, affordable housing will primarily be low-cost rental housing, including boarding houses, as well as subsidized housing made available only to very low to moderate-income households. Housing affordability is the relationship between the cost of purchasing a home and the ability of a household to purchase a home. The Commonwealth and State Governments are responsible for the various economic, fiscal, and commercial factors that shape housing affordability. As such, there are limits on what Local Government can achieve in terms of housing affordability.