An affordable, good quality, and stable housing is a key prerequisite for promoting health and preventing illness. It is also a key determinant for building healthy and inclusive communities. The current Toronto housing context, which is increasingly unaffordable and has a limited supply of affordable housing, is resulting in inequities in access to housing that is affordable, good quality, and stable, which has significant implications for health and health equity in Toronto. Research and lived experience in Toronto demonstrates that housing unaffordability, poor quality housing and neighborhoods, and housing instability, including homelessness, are associated with a range of poor mental and physical health outcomes, risk factors for poor health, health care non-adherence and follow-up, and significant costs to the health care system. The link between housing and health policy has been recognized since the Industrial Revolution. In 1911, Toronto’s Medical Officer of Health Dr. Charles Hastings released a seminal report on the “slum conditions” in Toronto. The report used statistics and powerful photographic evidence to illustrate the pervasiveness of poor housing conditions such as inadequate and unsanitary housing, overcrowding, and poor ventilation and called these conditions a “menace to public health.” Hastings’s commitment and leadership on the issue resulted in widespread housing reforms such as demolishing substandard housing, stricter housing standards, and social housing projects.2 In the context of national, provincial, and local policy efforts to address housing issues, it is important for policy makers, elected officials, and the public to understand the implications of the current housing context in Toronto for health and health equity. This report highlights housing need in Toronto, including populations most at risk, and reviews the international, Canadian, and local research on the three key dimensions of housing that are important for health and health equity – affordability, quality, and stability. While it is recognized that housing issues can affect people across the socioeconomic spectrum, this report focuses on people experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness.