India’s urban population of 380 million (31%) contributes 63% of the country’s gross domestic product. With the growth of urban centers, the urban slum population has also grown, by 25.1% during 2001–2011. About one-fifth of the country’s population is living below the poverty line. In comparison, in the state of Tamil Nadu, 13.7% of the overall population and 7.4% of the urban population live below the poverty line. Tamil Nadu is one of five states that host 62% of India’s slum population. The Government of India’s Three Year Action Agenda, covering fiscal year (FY) 2018–FY 2020, recognizes that national poverty levels are steadily declining but with significant regional differences. Poverty reduction is a priority of the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The government’s strategy paper (target year FY2023) identifies objectives in diverse sectors, that are clubbed under four sections: drivers, infrastructure, inclusion, and governance. The government’s targets include a GDP growth rate of 8% by FY2023. ADB’s country partnership strategy for India, 2018–2022 is aligned with government priorities and aims to enable the country to move from lower towards upper middle-income status while achieving faster, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth.d Tamil Nadu is India’s seventh-largest state in terms of population and ranks first in the level of urbanization (48%) among larger states. Rapid urban industrial and population growth have resulted in slum growth, particularly in high-risk areas including areas vulnerable to floods and cyclones. Tamil Nadu has a housing deficit of 1.25 million, equal to 6.66% of the country’s total housing shortfall. Provision of housing and infrastructure facilities is severely strained and in need of major investments to ensure reduced vulnerability and improved services to the poor. The proposed project will improve access to affordable housing for poor households at risk. The project aims to (i) construct affordable and improved housing for vulnerable communities, including women beneficiaries; (ii) increase affordable housing for urban poor and migrant workers, including working women; and (iii) support regional plan development with a focus on the Chennai–Kanyakumari Industrial Corridor. The project will increase the resilience of the urban poor and migrant workers to pandemics.