In Indonesia, affordability is calculated not by individual wage earner, but by the total income of a household. Interestingly, household consumption/income figures showed far less volatility during the crisis period than individual wage incomes and overall GDP. Households coped by having household members move to informal employment and by extending female labor force participation. As a result, the decline in household incomes was about half the size of the decline in individual earnings.
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Edited By | Saba Bilquis |