Outdoor Environment of Low-cost Housing in Malaysia
Introduction
Housing in Malaysia has been a crucial aspect of urban development, especially as the country progresses towards becoming a developed nation. One of the early objectives of high-density low-cost flat housing was to address the squatter problems in urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur. Over the years, the quality and standard of living of Malaysians have improved significantly, and the low-cost flat housing initiative has evolved to provide better living conditions. This paper aims to explore the occupants’ satisfaction perception of outdoor environmental quality (OEQ) in a selected high-density low-cost flat housing located in the state of Selangor. By understanding the occupants’ perceptions, policymakers and urban planners can identify areas for improvement and enhance the overall living experience in these housing complexes.
The Evolution of High-Density Low-Cost Housing in Malaysia
The development of high-density low-cost housing in Malaysia has been a response to the growing urban population and the need for affordable living spaces. Initially, these housing projects were designed to provide basic shelter for low-income families and to eradicate squatter settlements. Over time, the focus has shifted towards improving the quality of life for residents. This includes not only the physical structure of the flats but also the surrounding environment. The state of Selangor, with its rapidly growing urban areas, has been a focal point for such initiatives. For more detailed information on the evolution of housing in Malaysia, you can refer to the Urban Development Department of Malaysia.
Methodologies: Site Observation and Questionnaire Survey
To assess the occupants’ satisfaction with the outdoor environmental quality (OEQ) of the selected high-density low-cost flat housing, two primary methodologies were employed: site observation and questionnaire surveys. Site observation allowed researchers to evaluate the physical conditions of the housing complex, including the layout, green spaces, and overall maintenance. This method provided a comprehensive overview of the environment that residents interact with daily.
The questionnaire survey, on the other hand, directly engaged the occupants to gather their perceptions and experiences. The survey included questions related to various aspects of OEQ, such as noise levels, air quality, lighting, safety, and accessibility to amenities. By combining these two methodologies, the study aimed to obtain a balanced and comprehensive understanding of the OEQ from both an objective and subjective perspective. For more information on the methodologies used in similar studies, you can refer to the Journal of Environmental Psychology.
Findings: Occupants’ Satisfaction with Outdoor Environmental Quality
The study found that the outdoor environmental quality (OEQ) in the low-cost flat housing generally met the expectations of the occupants. Out of the six key elements of OEQ, five were perceived positively by the residents. These elements included:
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Noise Levels: The majority of respondents reported that the noise levels in the area were manageable and did not significantly impact their daily lives.
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Air Quality: Residents were generally satisfied with the air quality, noting that the area was well-ventilated and free from significant pollution.
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Lighting: The lighting conditions were deemed adequate, providing sufficient illumination for safety and convenience during nighttime.
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Accessibility to Amenities: The housing complex was well-connected to essential amenities such as grocery stores, schools, and healthcare facilities, which contributed to the overall satisfaction of the residents.
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Green Spaces: The presence of green spaces and recreational areas was highly appreciated by the occupants, as these areas provided a respite from the urban environment.
However, one element that stood out as a concern was the level of safety. Despite adequate lighting and well-maintained common areas, residents expressed concerns about personal safety, particularly during the evening and night hours. This perception of safety is a critical aspect of OEQ, as it directly impacts the residents’ sense of security and well-being. For further insights into the importance of safety in urban housing, you can refer to the World Bank’s Urban Development Report.
Implications and Recommendations for Enhancing Housing in Malaysia
The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing the safety concerns in high-density low-cost housing complexes. While the overall OEQ was satisfactory, the perception of safety is a crucial factor that needs immediate attention. Urban planners and policymakers should consider implementing additional security measures, such as increased surveillance, community policing, and better lighting in vulnerable areas. Enhancing the sense of safety can significantly improve the quality of life for residents and contribute to a more harmonious living environment.
Moreover, continuous monitoring and improvement of the OEQ elements are essential to ensure that the housing complexes remain conducive to the well-being of the occupants. Regular maintenance and community engagement programs can play a vital role in maintaining high standards of living. For more detailed recommendations on improving OEQ in urban housing, you can refer to the Urban Planning Institute of Malaysia.
Conclusion
Housing in Malaysia – The study on the occupants’ satisfaction perception of outdoor environmental quality (OEQ) in high-density low-cost flat housing in Selangor, Malaysia, provides valuable insights into the living conditions of residents. While the majority of the OEQ elements were perceived positively, the level of safety emerged as a significant concern. Addressing this issue, along with continuous efforts to improve other aspects of OEQ, can lead to a better quality of life for the residents. As Malaysia continues to develop and urbanize, ensuring that housing initiatives meet the evolving needs of the population is crucial for sustainable and inclusive urban development. For more information on sustainable housing practices, you can refer to the United Nations Habitat Report.
By focusing on these areas, Malaysia can continue to make strides towards providing high-quality, affordable housing for all its citizens.