Microfinance is the provision of financial services in limited amounts to low-income persons and small, informal businesses is increasingly being offered by a variety of formal financial institutions, including banks and non-banks, either as their core business or part of a diversified portfolio. As recommended in the Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, non-banks that mobilize deposits from the public should be subject to regulation and supervision commensurate to the type and size of their transactions. In general, microfinance oversight, whether over banks or other deposit-taking institutions, should weigh the risks posed by this line of business against supervisory costs and the role of microfinance in fostering financial inclusion. To assist countries in developing a coherent approach to regulating and supervising microfinance, the Microfinance Workstream of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision2 has developed guidance for the application of the Core Principles to microfinance activities conducted by depository institutions in their jurisdictions. The survey attempted to incorporate as many countries with significant microfinance activity by deposit-taking institutions as possible, although some major countries were not able to participate and some regions rendered a higher response rate than others. As such, the Range of Practice presented in this report should not be considered exhaustive or globally representative. Notwithstanding this limitation, there were sufficiently robust trends revealed in the survey responses and the literature review to provide background information for the development of the Guidance presented in this report. For the most part, these trends center on the need to calibrate regulation and supervision of deposit-taking institutions engaged in microfinance so that this line of business is conducted in a safe and sound environment without hurting financial inclusion objectives and optimizing the allocation of supervisor resources. Key findings of the Range of Practice include.