The Transformation of Suburbia: A Case Study of Almere, Netherlands

Suburbanisation has been a prevalent process of post-war, capitalist urban growth, leading to the majority of citizens in many advanced capitalist economies currently living in the suburbs. However, recent trends show a reverse movement, with an increasing return to the inner-city. This contradiction raises questions regarding contemporary urban growth and the socio-spatial production of the suburbs. This paper explores the transformation of suburbia through the case of Almere, a new town in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam. By investigating the mobility to and from Almere over two decades through socio-economic and demographic data between 1990 and 2013, we aim to shed light on the changing suburban–urban relationship.

Suburbanisation has long been a defining feature of urban growth in capitalist economies. Following World War II, the expansion of cities into their surrounding areas became a common phenomenon. This process was driven by various factors, including the desire for more space, improved living conditions, and the availability of automobiles. The suburbs were seen as a haven from the congestion and pollution of city centers, offering a quieter, more family-friendly environment. However, this trend began to shift in recent years, with many people, particularly younger generations, seeking the amenities and cultural offerings of urban areas.

Almere, a new town in the Amsterdam metropolitan region, provides a compelling case study for examining the transformation of suburbia. Established in the late 20th century, Almere was initially designed as a typical suburban family community. However, over the past few decades, it has undergone significant changes. The town has evolved from a predominantly suburban community to a more urbanized area, attracting both international unmarried newcomers and families. This shift is evident in the demographic and socio-economic data collected between 1990 and 2013.

The demographic profile of Almere has changed markedly over the past few decades. Initially, the town was home to predominantly Dutch families seeking a suburban lifestyle. However, as the town grew, it began to attract a more diverse population. The influx of international newcomers, particularly unmarried individuals, has contributed to a more cosmopolitan character. Additionally, the population has become relatively poorer, although levels of upward income mobility have remained stable. This trend highlights the evolving nature of suburban communities, which are no longer solely the domain of affluent families.

The mobility patterns to and from Almere have also changed over time. In the early years, the town was primarily a commuter suburb, with residents traveling to Amsterdam and other nearby cities for work. However, as Almere has developed its economic base, the need for long-distance commuting has decreased. The town has also become a destination for people seeking a more balanced lifestyle, with access to both urban amenities and natural spaces. This shift in mobility patterns underscores the evolving relationship between suburban and urban areas.

The transformation of Almere has significant implications for urban planning and development. The town’s growth has challenged traditional notions of suburban living, which often emphasize large lots, single-family homes, and car dependency. Instead, Almere has embraced a more urbanized approach, with higher-density housing, mixed-use developments, and improved public transportation. This shift reflects a broader trend in suburban areas, which are increasingly adopting urban planning principles to create more sustainable and livable communities.

The case of Almere highlights the dynamic nature of suburban areas and the evolving relationship between suburbs and cities. The town’s transformation from a typical suburban community to a more urbanized area challenges the traditional urban-suburban dichotomy. It suggests that suburban areas are not static entities but rather dynamic spaces that can adapt to changing socio-economic and demographic trends. As cities and suburbs continue to evolve, it is essential to recognize the potential for suburban areas to play a more integrated role in metropolitan regions.