A project appraisal document by the World Bank on a proposed credit to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for a Pakistan housing finance project. Pakistan, with an estimated population of over 207 million people, is the world’s sixth most populous country. Housing finance in Pakistan is particularly low, with a mortgage‐finance‐to‐GDP ratio of 0.25 percent—one of the lowest in South Asia (3.4 percent regional average; 3 percent in Bangladesh and 11 percent in India).1 Overall access to financial services also remains limited, with fewer than 16 percent of adults having access to a formal account in 2014/15, so that the financial sector has a limited role in contributing to sustained and inclusive growth and dealing with the increasing housing shortage. The gender gap is also high, with 21 percent of men compared to only 11 percent of women having access.
The estimated housing shortage in Pakistan is up to 10 million units,3 of which about 40 percent is in urban areas.4 Over the next 20 years, the annual urban population increase is expected to be about 2.3 million per year (around 360,000 households at 6.35 individuals per household). A decline in family size and increased household formation rates (stemming from the large cohort of young people) are expected to further increase the demand for housing. The gap continues to increase by roughly 350,000 units per year, as new housing production falls short of the rate of household formation and existing housing units become obsolete.