Real estate has been a neglected area because it has always been treated as an independent sector. Now, the real estate sector is viewed as a significant contributor to the financial position of financial institutions in terms of mortgage loans as well as asset holdings. Thus, real estate prices are critical for the financial sector and in terms of measuring the wealth of the country. This is an area where information is lacking. In our country, there is no agency that collects real estate market prices.” This comment was received by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in response to comments on the draft Compilation Guide on Financial Soundness Indicators (Guide) that was posted on the IMF’s public website in March 2003. It sums up succinctly a common view of real estate prices from both the user and compiler perspectives. The data are needed but are lacking. Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) are indicators of the current financial health and soundness of the financial institutions in a country, and of their corporate and household counterparts. They include both aggregated individual institution data and indicators that are representative of the markets in which the financial institutions operate. FSIs are calculated and disseminated for the purpose of supporting national and international surveillance of financial systems. In short, the development of FSIs is a key tool in the IMF work to strengthen financial system stability. This initiative was prompted by the financial market crises of the late 1990s and the growing observation of the number of banking crises that has occurred globally in the last two decades. As has been well reported in research by the IMF, BIS, and others, there are significant costs arising from these crises, both direct (such as the cost of recapitalizing the deposit-takers) and indirect (such as the loss of real economic activity), and this has demonstrated a need to develop a body of statistics that could support policymakers in identifying the strengths and vulnerabilities in their financial system and in taking action to prevent the likelihood of such crises occurring. FSIs are only one part of the IMF’s work in the field of crisis prevention, and of course the IMF’s work itself is part of a larger international effort, including the Bank for International Settlements and others. Notably, FSIs are an input into the IMF-World Bank Financial System Assessment Program (FSAP). This program is designed to identify financial system strengths and vulnerabilities and to help develop appropriate policy responses.