Resilience has been most frequently defined as positive adaptation despite adversity. Over the past 40 years, resilience research has gone through several stages. Resilience is defined as the ability of a system and its components to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, and recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner by ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions (Global Framework: The international disaster for Strategy reduction).

A Resilient City has developed capacities to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic, and environmental systems to still be able to maintain essentially the same functions, structures, and identity (Resiliencecity.org). Moreover, resilience in the urban context is the capability of the city to manage the changes and anticipate risk factors. There are multiple approaches to achieving city resilience. Some of them are Promoting Awareness, Infrastructure projects, Energy Cooperation strategies, and working on Nature-based solutions. Many cities such as Rotterdam, Rochester, Surat, Miami, Semarang, and many other cities around the world have adopted the Resilient City Approach.