A 40-page document on the state of the low-income housing market. Housing for the urban poor in India has failed to keep up with rapid urbanization. This has led to low-income families living in cramped, sub-standard, and often rented accommodations with limited access to civic amenities. The Government estimates a shortage of more than 18 million homes, of which 95% are in the EWS and LIG segment, an income class with families earning up to INR 16,000 per month. Many of the EWS and LIG families cannot afford privately built housing unless the Government provides some subsidy. There is also a large proportion of urban low-income families, with a monthly household income of INR 10,000 — 25,000, who can afford privately built formal housing costing INR 4-10 lakh without any aid from the Government.